• 专利附录
  • 专利说明
  • 权利要求
  • 类似技术
  • 同族专利
  • 引用文献
  • 法律状态
  • 优先权
    • 专利摘要:
    CHEMICAL SOURCE CURRENT, containing a hydraulic case, a 5-h Vhu / one-way collector, a porous separator located inside the cathode collector and having surface contact with it, a cathode depolarizer, liquid electrolyte, a sacrificial anode, made at least in two parts and located inside and separator, and a part for displacing the parts of the anode to the separator, located between the parts of the anode, characterized in that, in order to improve the electrochemical characteristics, the parts of the anode are filled with arcuate and internally The surface is in contact with the part to displace parts of the anode to the separator through the supporting plates, and the depolarizer is taken O) in the liquid state. 17 23 gt number 2 202
    公开号:SU1122241A3
    申请号:SU772452262
    申请日:1977-02-17
    公开日:1984-10-30
    发明作者:Фредерик Арри Льюис
    申请人:Юнион Карбид Корпорейшн (Фирма)；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

    1 The invention relates to chemical current sources (HIT), namely a cylindrical current source. In chemical current sources with a consumable anode, the volume of the anode decreases during the discharge and thereby causes an increase in the distance between the anode, separator and cathode or cathode collector, which, in turn, leads to an increase in the element's resistance. To overcome this drawback, a chemical current source is used, the electrodes of which are rolled up, which ensures good contact between the components during discharge D. However, such an element is difficult to manufacture. The HIT with a cylindrical body is known, the positive electrode of which is in contact with the outer shell of the element and separated from the negative electrode by means of a porous separator, the negative electrode is made of a sheet of consumable metal with a large negative standard oxidizing potential ohm and surrounds the elastically deformable current collector, which is constructed in a cylindrical shape with a slit. The elasticity of the current collector allows it to maintain bias contact with the negative electrode for the entire time regardless of the change in the volume of the electrodes when the cell is discharged and thus maintains the optimum distance between the responding surfaces of the solid positive and negative electrodes due to the continuous displacement of the negative electrode to porous separator 2j. ® The closest to the proposed technical essence and the achieved result is a chemical current source comprising a cylindrical body, a cathode collector, a porous separator located inside the cathode collector in contact with it, a liquid electrolyte, a cathode depolarizer, an anode made in two parts, located inside the separator, and a part for displacing parts of the anode to the separator, located between them. 12 However, the electrochemical characteristics of such a current source are not high enough, since the resistance increases during the discharge. The purpose of the invention is to increase the service life of the chemical current source and its electrochemical characteristics. The goal is achieved by the fact that in a chemical current source containing a cylindrical body, a cathode collector, a porous separator, a cathode collector located inside and a surface contact with it, a cathode depolarizer, a liquid electrolyte, a consumable anode, made at least in two parts and located inside the separator, and the part for displacing parts of the anode to the separator, located between the parts of the anode, parts of the anode are arcuate and in contact with the part of the internal surface The parts of the anode were displaced to the separator through the supporting plates, and the depolarizer was taken in the liquid state. The arcuate portion of the anode represents an arc segment of a cylindrical part, the preferred arc value of which is 90-180, depending on the number of arc segments used in the element. For example, when using two arc segments, each of them can be equal to 140-180, and with the use of three arc segments, each of them can be equal to 90-120. In the proposed embodiment, the common cylindrical spring part is a twisted spring having one or more turns, or a spring in the form of an arcuate segment smaller than 360. In the current source, in which a liquid active cathode de-polarizer and cathode collector is used, the latter, in addition to the functions of the current collector, serves as a place for the reaction of the cathode electrochemical process. Consequently, the cathode collector must be porous with a volume of interconnected voids not less than 50% of its total volume, which is necessary to provide greater access to the reaction areas. Moreover, the cathode collector must be made of a material capable of catalyzing or novifif UBiTf passage cathode electrochemical process. Materials suitable for making a cathode collector are carbonaceous materials and metals, such as nickel with acetylene blackening. Suitable binders, whether or not containing plasticizers and a stabilizer, can be added to the materials from which the cathode collector is made. Suitable binders for this purpose can be vinyl, polyethylene, polypropylene, acrylic acid compounds, styrene, etc. . In cases where it is necessary to use a bonding material, the addition of this material should be 10-30% of the weight of the molded cathode collector, since an additive less than 10% cannot provide sufficient strength of the molded piece, while exceeding 30% makes the carbon surface non-wettable and / or reduces the carbon working surface, which leads to a decrease in the active surface between the material, such as coal and / or graphite, and the corresponding bonding material. Binding material, used in the manufacture of molded cathodes, may be added in an amount of 320% by weight of the formable anode, preferably 4-7% by weight of the cathode. As a material for the anode, any of the known anode materials can be used, from which elongated arcuate or rectangular parts could be made. An electrically conductive spring piece made of nickel, stainless steel or a corrosion-resistant alloy containing 76% nickel, 15% chromium and 9% iron can be used as an electrically conductive device for electrically connecting the cathode with a negative element clamp, At the same time, an elastic displacement device for carrying out the mechanical force that presses the anode parts in the radial direction towards the separator. This can be accomplished, for example, by using a U-shaped electrically conductive part or in the form of a coiled spring, which can be compressed and inserted between or in the space formed by the anode parts, which ensures continuous electrical pressure contact with the anode parts and At the same time, the elastic displacement of these parts to the separator, which, in turn, is in contact with the cathode or cathode collector of the cell, and the latter is in contact with the inner surface of the cell body. The protruding end or leg of the i-shaped spring piece, in case of electrically conducting it, can be attached in the usual way to the shell of the element body, which allows the shell or body to be used as a negative element clamp. As a bias device, any spring device can be used that provides elastic displacement of anode parts mounted with the possibility of continuous physical support of these parts with a separator, a separator with a cathode or cathode collector, a cathode or cathode collector with the cell body, which results in a low the internal resistance of the element in the process of discharge. Although the internal cathode electrode wears out during the discharge, the elastic displacement device creates a force on this electrode, maintaining good contact between the surface of the anode electrode and the separator, and the separator is held in a fixed position, in contact with the cathode or cathode collector of the element. The cavity formed by the details of the anode can be used as a reservoir for the cathode depolarizer. In one embodiment, the cathode collector is made in the form of semi-cylindrical parts having a longitudinal groove on the outer surface directed to the inner wall of the housing, which creates electrolyte reservoirs or the electrolyte cathode of the cell. Anhydrous materials of a liquid cathode may consist of one or more oxyhalide compounds of chemical elements of group V or group VI of the periodic table electo-wTHTOB and / or from one or more halide compounds of chemical elements from group IV to group VI of the periodic table of elements for example, teonyl chloride, sulfur dioxide, etc. As the anode using lithium sodium, calcium, magnesium. If necessary, a solvent may be added to the liquid active, reducible cathode depolarizer in order to dilute the solute and change the dielectric constant to the viscosity or properties of the substance in solution to obtain better electrical conductivity. For example, nitrobenzene, tetrahydrofur 1,3-dioxolane, 3-methyl-2-oxazolidone, propylene carbonate and the like can be used as a suitable co-solvent for this purpose. Aqueous materials used as a cathode include aqueous solutions of persulfate, peroxide, permanganate, and lame acid. Anodes suitable for use in water cells include aluminum, magnesium, zinc and cadmium. The separator must be chemically inert and insoluble in the cell system, and its porosity should be 25%, preferably 50%, which is necessary to ensure the penetration of liquid electrolyte through it to contact the anode and thereby form the path for the passage of ions between the anode and cathode . In conjunction with liquid oxyhalide cathodes, glass-free glass separators are used. Separators suitable for use in aqueous systems include starch or methyl cellulose, applied to felt paper, cast cellulose films, gelatinized wheat starch or flour pastes, felt or woven fibers made from plastics such as nylon, polyethylene, and so on. p., or porous cast sheets of vinyl. FIG. 1 shows a current source, vertical section in FIG. 2 is a section A-A in FIG. V, FIG. 3 - current source, horizontal section, variant. I In the cylinder housing 1, the cathode collector 2 is in contact with the vertical peripheral surface of the housing 1, which makes it possible to use the housing as a cathode positive element clamp. Inside the cathode or cathode collector 2 there is a separator 3 in contact with its inner surface, the lower end 4 of which is bent inwards in the radial direction and serves as a lining for the lower separating disk 5. If necessary, the material of the cathode collector can be pressed into the inside of the case 1, rolled together with the material of the case or made in the form of one or more segments to form a cylindrical tube placed in the housing. The sacrificial anode 6 is made of two parts that form the first arcuate part 7, having flat end chamfers 8 and 9, and the second arcuate part 10, having flat end chamfers 11 and 12. The flat end chamfers of each arcuate part of the anode are installed so that they are opposed t to each other (Figs. 1 and 2) and between them a cavity 13 is formed along the axis. If necessary, along the inner surface of the walls of parts 7 and 1 O of the anode, arcuate supporting plates 14 and 15, respectively, are placed in the form of inert electrically conductive metal sheets or grids with, in order to ensure uniform current distribution along the anode surface. This leads to a uniform use of the anode and provides a uniform pressure of the spring on the surface of the inner wall of the anode. The part for displacing the parts of the anode to the separator is made in the form of an electrically conductive spring tape 16, bent appropriately to give it a flattened elliptical shape, and has a protruding end 17. When the spring tape 16 is inserted into the body, the shoulders 18 and 19 of the electrically conductive tape are pressed against each other. to a friend and slide into the slot, forming a tusus along the axis between two supporting 1 F1 plates of anode parts (Figs. 1 and 2). The electrically conductive spring 16 tape elastically displaces both the parts 7 and 10 of the anode through the supporting plates 14 and 15 so as to ensure uniform and continuous pressure when in contact with the inner wall of the details of the anode. The end 17 of the spring strap 16 protrudes above the level of the parts 7 and 10 of the anode. The disk 20 of electrically insulating material has a central hole 21 through which the protruding end 17 of the spring belt 16 passes over the disk. The end 17 is welded to a lid consisting of two parts 22 and 23, thereby enabling the use of a crest as the anode negative clamp of the element. Before the element is closed, the electrolyte or cathode depolarizer can be introduced into the cavity 13, from where it can penetrate anode, separator and cathode collector. In addition, the separator can be pre-impregnated with electrolyte prior to installation into the current source. The insulating material disc 20 has a peripheral flange disposed between the cap 22 and the upper inner part of the wall of the housing 1, which serves to seal the element according to conventional crimping technology. An embodiment of the anode is shown in FIG. The anode 25 consists of three parts: the first arcuate part 26, the second arcuate part 27 and the third arcuate part 28, the angular size of each of which is vl2;) °. The longitudinal planar end chamfers of the arcuate parts 26, 27 and 28 face each other and the cavity 29 is formed with the indicated details, passing in the axial direction. Thus, when the three-part anode is mounted in the housing together with the part 30 in the form of a coiled spring inserted into the axial cavity 29, the part 30 elastically displaces the arc-shaped details of the anode in the direction of the separator 3, which in turn adjoins cathode collector 2, which ensures the preservation of good physical contact between the elements. An example. The proposed chemical current source, containing as depolarizer a one-molar solution of LiAlCl4 in SOjClj, is discharged through a load of 88 Ohms to a voltage of 2.5 volts. The data obtained are shown in the table. According to tests, the proposed current source provides a high energy density and high utilization of lithium.
    1.58
     203
    8.18 209 1.31 8.41
    3.51
    81.3 3.54 83.9
    nineteen
    thirty
    ten
    12
    PU8. 3
    权利要求:
    Claims (1)
    [1]
    A CHEMICAL CURRENT SOURCE comprising a cylindrical body, a cathode collector, a porous separator located inside the cathode collector and having surface contact with it, a cathode depolarizer, a liquid electrolyte, a consumable anode made of at least two parts and located inside the separator, and a part for displacing the parts of the anode to the separator located between the parts of the anode, characterized in that, in order to increase the electrochemical characteristics, the parts of the anode are arcuate and along the inner surface STI contact with the part to displace the anode portions through the separator maintained § vayuschie plate and depolarizer is taken in liquid state.
    SU <„, 1122241
    类似技术:
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    EP0103134B1|1987-04-08|Electrochemical cell containing a liquid cathode
    US5389457A|1995-02-14|Gas filled collapsible member within anode to accommodate expansion of anode
    US4397921A|1983-08-09|Electrochemical cell containing sulphur dioxide as cathodic depolarizer
    US4767683A|1988-08-30|Non-aqueous electrochemical cell
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    引用文献:
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    法律状态:
    优先权:
    申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题
    US05/659,167|US4032696A|1976-02-18|1976-02-18|Discrete anode bodies for use in various cylindrical cell systems|
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